İngilizce Kelime

raise  yükselimek arttırmak, beslemek, yetiştirmek, ileri sürmek, toplamak, neden olmak, zam, artış

- to lift up, to put up, to cause to rise, to increase, to gather together, to grow, to build up, to move or lift something to a high position, to grow crops or breed animals for food, to bring up a child, to collect, an increase in wages or salary,    

• Raise your right hand.
• The truck raised a cloud of dust as it passed.
• We will raise that wall about 20 centimeters.
• We don’t raise pigs on this farm.
• She has raised a large family.
• Has anyone in the audience any points they would like to raise?
• We will try to raise money to repair the swimming-pool.
• His joke raised a laugh.
• I’m going to ask the boss for a raise.
• You must raise your hand in the class if you want to say something to the teacher.
• The boss raised her payment because of her good work.
• I raised some money to buy a new coat.
• He raised wheat and chicken to earn his living.
• The main duty of parents is to raise their children.
• His death raised a great sorrow in the family.
• Apartments are raised in place of single houses in the big cities.
• I wanted a rise from my boss, I asked him to increase my salary.
• If you want to leave the room raise your hand.
• He raised himself up on one elbow.
• The hotel needs to raise its standards.
• We are doing a sponsored walk to raise money for charity.
• This raises the question of why nothing was done before.
• The neighbors raised the alarm when they saw smoke coming out of the window.  

ransom     fidye, rehin tutmak

- a sum of money etc paid for the freeing of a prisoner, to keep someone as a prisoner until a ransom is paid,

• Their son was held to ransom for three days.
• The kidnappers demanded a ransom of 500 000$ for the boy’s release. 

rapid  hızlı; çabuk

- very quick, fast,

• Rapid progress.
• A rapid heart-beat.
• She is a rapid typist, she types a long letter in five minutes.
• We walked rapidly to catch the bus.
• She made rapid progress and was soon the best in the class.
• The rapidity of change has astonished most people. 

rate  oran; hız ;(bank rate )= faiz oranı, nispet, değerlendirmek değer biçmek; gibi düşünmek

- the quantity, amount or degree in proportion to something else, class, degree, to put a value on, to be known as, the level of pay, cost etc for a particular job,

• There is a high accident rate in factory.
• There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam
• He works at a very fast rate
• What is the rate of pay for this job?
• I don’t rate this book very highly
• I don’t think they saw the – at any rate, they didn’t laugh.
• We traveled at a rate of 80 kilometers an hour.
• I put my money in a bank and I get a rate of 50 liras on a hundred a year.
• She is in the first rate at school this year. This is her first year here.
• She rates the best student at school.
• We decided to sell our house and we rated it as two million liras.
• I must catch the first train at any rate because I have an exam in the morning.
• The population is increasing at the rate of less than 0.5% a year.
• We offer special reduced rates for students.
• He said that they would be here by ten. At any rate, I think that’s what he said.
• Well, that’s one good piece of news at any rate.
• She’s rated among the best tennis players of all time.
• The accident wasn’t very serious – it didn’t rate a mention in the local newspaper. 

reach  ulaşmak; varmak, uzanmak, yetişmek, temas kurmak, elin uzanabileceği uzaklık, ulaşılmayacak

- to get to a place, to arrive at, to touch, to move, to touch or hold something, to amount to, to influence, to make contact someone, to extend, a distance that you can be traveled easily,

• We will never reach London before dark
• The noise reached our ears.
• Have they reached an agreement yet?
• My keys have fallen down this hole and I can’t reach them
• He reached across the table for another cake
• She reached out and took the book
• If anything happens you can always reach me by phone
• The school playing fields reach from here to the river
• My house is within reach of bath
• I keep medicines on the shelf, out of the children’s reach.
• My keys are down that hole, just out of reach.
• Tom reached home very late last night because of the traffic.
• Can you reach the ceiling?
• He reached his hand and took his gun.
• The money I collected reached to a thousand liras.
• You can reach a child’s heart by being good to him.
• I can’t get my book on the top shelf, it is beyond my reach.
• She can’t learn two languages at a time, it is beyond her reach.
• She reached into her bag for her mother.
• Keep this medicine out of the reach of children.
• A job like that is completely beyond his reach.
• We were one goal ahead with ten minutes left and so could sense that victory was within our reach. 

react      tepki göstermek, karşılık, reactor

- to act as a result,

• How did he react when you called him a fool?
• He reacted angrily to the criticism.
• Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to from water
• What was his reaction to your remarks?
• A chemical reaction between iron and acid.
• A politician with reactionary views.
• Animals react to kindness, they like you if you are kind to them.
• What was your mother’s reaction when you told her that you would be late?
• He reacted to the news by jumping up and down and shouting.
• The players reacted angrily to the decision.  

real  hakiki, sahici, gerçek, tam büyük, makul, mantıklı, farkına varmak kavramak

- actual, true, not imaginary, truth, actually existing, not artificial; genuine,

• There is a real monster in that cave.
• He may own the factory, but it’s his manager who is the real boss.
• He is a realist and knows that he has to work hard in order to pass his exams.
• You won’t get all your clothes into that case – be realist!
• We were glad to get back to reality after hearing the ghost story.
• John said he liked the food, but in reality it was terrible.
• He told the teacher that he was ill but the real reason was that he didn’t want to do his homework.
• He ring is real gold, not an imitation.
• Was he for real when he offered you the job? 

realize  anlamak, kavramak, gerçekleştirmek, farkına varmak kavramak

- to get in mind clearly, to know, to understand, to make real,

• I realize that I can’t have everything I want.
• I realized my mistake.
• He realized his ambition to become an astronaut.
• I realized that I must study hard to get good marks.
• I’m sorry I mentioned it, I didn’t realize how much it upset you.
• When I got home, I realized that I had left my keys at the office.
• His worst fears were realized when he saw the damage caused by the fire. 

recall  geri çağırmak, geri çekmek, hatırlamak,

- to remember, to call back, to order someone to return, to remember, the ability to remember, 

• He had been recalled to hospital.
• I don’t recall when I last saw him.
• I couldn’t recall who were at the party, can you tell me who were?
• The old librarian was recalled to tell the new one some important things about the order of the books.
• I don’t recall meeting him before.
• The company has recalled all the fridges that have this fault. 

recent  yeni (son); son günlerde, geçen

- latest, not long past, happening, done not long ago,

• Thins have changed in recent weeks, recent events.
• He came to see me recently.
• The recent news about her is that she is going to get married soon.
• What have you been doing recently?
• In recent years there have been many changes.
• This is a recent photograph of my daughter. 

recession  , (iş alanında) durgunluk

- a period when there is a fall in the amount of trade a country does, and a rise in poverty and the number of people who are unemployment, 

• This country has been in a recession for the past four years.
• A world recession.
• The country is now in recession.
• How long will the recession last? 

reckless  pervasızca; düşüncesizce, umursamaz

- very careless; done without any thought of the outcome,

• A reckless driver.
• Reckless driving. 

reckon  varsaymak; düşünmek; kabul etmek, zannetmek, tahminetmek, hesap etmek, hesaplaşma

- to consider, to suppose, to calculate, to expect, to have to deal with,

• He is reckoned to be the best pianist in Britain.
• Is this the house? I reckon so.
• I reckon this will only take a few minutes.
• By my reckoning, we must be about eight kilometers from the town.
• I didn’t reckon on the meeting taking so long.
• If you get caught, you will have the police to reckon with.
• I reckon (that) she isn’t coming.
• I think she’s forgotten. What do you reckon?
• I reckon the journey will take about half an hour.
• I didn’t book in advance because I wasn’t reckoning on tickets being so scarce. 

recognize (as)  kabul etmek; tanımak; degerini bilmek

- to know, to accept, to see, hear etc someone or something, to admit,

• I recognized his hand-writing.
• I recognized him by his voice.
• Everyone recognized his skill.
• She was wearing a lot of make up so I could hardly recognize.
• The boy recognized his duty to study hard. 
• I recognized him but I couldn’t remember his name.
• My qualifications are not recognized in other countries. 

recollect    hatırlamak, anımsamak

- to remember,

• I can’t recollect exactly what he said.
• My book is called ‘Recollections of childhood’.
• I don’t recollect exactly when it happened.
• I can’t recollect what she has told me to tell you. 

recommend   öğütlemek, tavsiye etmek,

- to speak for good of, to advice, to suggest as being particularly good, suitable,

• The doctor recommended a long holiday
• He recommended her for the job
• I gave her the job on his recommendation
• The recommendations of the committee.
• I recommend Jill to be the class president, she can do this job best.
• I want to buy a present for my mother, what do you recommend?
• Which film would you recommend?
• We hope that you will recommend this restaurant to all your friends.
• Doctors don’t recommend drugs as the best treatment for every illness.
• I wouldn’t recommend your traveling on your own. It could be dangerous.
• I visited Seville on a friend’s recommendation and I really enjoyed it.
• In their report on the crash, the committee make several recommendations on how safety could be improved. 

recruit  acemi er, yeni üye yazmak, katmak

- someone who has just joined the army, air force, to get people to join the army, or a club,

• The drama group had two new recruits.
• To recruit troops.
• To recruit new members.
• To recruit young people to the teaching profession. 

reduce  azaltmak; düşürmek, indirmek, kilo vermek, ….hale gelmek

- to make less, to change to another form, to make less, smaller, to lose weight by dieting, to put into a bad state,

• The shop reduced its prices.
• The train reduced speed.
• You will have to reduce if you want to get into that dress.
• The bombs reduced the city to ruins.
• You must try to reduce your weigh, you gained a lot recently.
• The prices of summer clothing reduce at the end of the season.
• If you reduce two hours into minutes, you get 120 minutes.
• Ice reduces to water when it melts.
• The reduction of ice is water when it melts.
• One of the older boys reduced the small child to tears. 

refer  yöneltmek, aktarmak, hakkında konuşmak, kastetmek, göndermek, danışmak

- to get a person or a written work to remember what was forgotten, to speak about, to think of as the cause of, something used to get more information or help, a person or a written statement that gives information about someone’s character or ability, to talk or write about something, to mention, to concern, to mean, to pass on to someone else for a decision, to use a reference book to find out something,

• He doesn’t like anyone referring to his wooden leg.
• What were you referring to when you said that?
• The case was referred to a higher law-court.
• Refer to a dictionary whenever you can’t spell a word.
• When I forget a date in history I refer to my history book.
• The principal referred to last year’s events when giving a speech for the opening of the school year.
• You can’t refer your failure to your bad luck, it is all because you don’t study hard enough.
• A dictionary is a book of reference, we look it up for the meanings of words we don’t know.
• The boss asked for reference about the new secretary from the place where she was working before.
• When she said ‘some students’, do you think he was referring to us?
• If you don’t understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
• The doctor has referred me to a specialist. 

refrain (from)  kaçınmak

- to keep back, not to do, to avoid,

• Please refrain from smoking in the hospital.
• He refrained himself from stealing at the last moment, he realized that it was a wrong doing. 

refugee    mülteci, sığınak, barınak

- a person who goes to a foreign country to settle because of war, disaster or persecution in his own country, a place that gives shelter or protection from danger, trouble,

• The escaped prisoner found refuge in a church.
• Refugees were pouring in to the city.
• A refugee camp.
• Many Turkish refugees came to Turkey from Greece to settle.
• We had to take refuge under a tree while it rained. 

refuse  geri çevirmek; kabul etmemek, reddetmek,çöp süprüntü, döküntü

- to say ‘no’, not to accept, waste, the act of not accepting, not to give permission, rubbish,

• He refused to help me.
• She refused to believe what I said.
• When I asked him to leave, he refused.
• He refused my offer of help.
• They refused our invitation.
• She refused the money.
• I was refused permission to take a day off.
• He refused to help his father because he had some other things to do.
• We cut the grass short and threw the refuse away behind the garden.
• I asked for his help but his refusal made me find someone else to help me.
• He refused to listen to what I was saying.
• My application for a grant has been refused. 

regard (as)  saymak; …. düşünmek ; kabul etmek, degerlendirmek, dikkat özen, sempati, saygı, konu hususunda, ne olursa olsun genede, selamlar, iyi dilekler, ….e gelince, ilgili olarak

- to have respect for, good wishes and respect, care and consideration, to consider to be, to think of someone or something as being very good, important, to respect, thought, attention, sympathy, care, consideration, good opinion, respect, about concerning, not thinking or caring about cost, problems, danger, greetings, goods wishes, as far as something is concerned,

• I regard Jim as a friend
• He is very highly regarded by his friends
• I regard war with horror
• He regarded me over the top of his glasses
• He drove without regard for her safety or his own
• He shows no regard for other people
• I hold him in high regard
• Have you any suggestions regarding this project?
• There may be difficulties but I shall carry on regardless ( güçlükler olabilir ama ben her şeye rağmen devam edeceğim)
• Give my regards to your mother ( annene selamlarımı söyle)
• As regards the meeting, I am unable to attend
• I have no complaints with regard to his work.
• He regarded my advice to study harder and he did.
• Please give my regards to your parents.
• She has no regard for others, she acts as she wishes to.
• Do you regard this issue as important?
• In some villages newcomers are regarded with suspicion.
• What are your views as regards this proposal?
• He shows little regard for other people’s feelings.
• She obviously has great regard for your ability. 

regret   üzülmek; pişman olmak, mutsuzluk, ne yazıkki malesef,

- to feel sorry, a feeling of sorrow, or of having done something wrong,

• I regret my foolish behavior.
• I regret to inform you that your application for the job was unsuccessful ( iş için başvurunuzun Kabul edilmediğini bildirmekle büyük üzüntü duymaktayım)
• I have no regrets about what I did.
• I heard the news of his death with deep regret.
• She felt regretful that she could not see her father before he died.
• Regretfully, we have had to refuse your offer.
• A regrettable mistake.
• I regret that I have only a little time for recreation.
• His regret was that he couldn’t visit his friend before leaving.
• I hope you won’t regret your decision later.
• Do you regret not taking the job?
• I regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful.
• Do you have any regrets that you didn’t go to university?
• It is regrettable that the police were not informed sooner. 

relate to  anlatmak, nakletmek, akraba, baglantılı, ilişkili

- to tell about, to come from the same origin, connection, to tell a story, to be about, concerned or connected with something,

• He related all that had happened to him
• Have you any information relating to the effects of this drug? 
• I’m related to him – he is my brother.
• He relates about his journey in detail.
• Nieces and nephews are related to each other. 

relation      akraba, bağ, alaka, iliki,bagıntı, ….e oranla,   ile kıyaslandığında

- a person who belongs to the same family, belonging to the same family,

• Uncles, aunts, cousins and other relations
• To establish friendly relations ( dostça ilişkiler kurmak)
• He finds it very difficult to form lasting relationships ( kalıcı ilişkiler kurmakta çok zorluk çekiyor )
• Is there any relationship between crime and poverty?
• ‘What is the relationship between you two?’ ‘We are cousins’
• At 65, he’s quite young in relation to previous Presidents.
• Your subject and the verb in a sentence must be in relation with each other.
• We are not only friends but we also have business relations.
• The members of my family have a strong relationship with each other. We care about each other and get together very often.
• We have aunts, uncles and other relations.
• The police officer stressed that good relations with the community were essential.
• There seems to be little relation between the cost of the houses and their size.
• Their salaries bear no relation to the number of hours they work.
• Many questions were asked, particularly in relation to the cost of the new buildings.
• Prices are low in relation to those in other parts of Europe.
• The relationship between the parents and the school has improved greatly. 

release  salıverme, tahliye, kurtarmak, yayınlamak,

- to let go, to let loose, let free, to allow to leave, to stop holding, to allow to move, fall,

• He was released from prison yesterday.
• He released his hold on the rope.
• He released the brake and drove off.
• The list of winners has just been released.
• After his release, the prisoner went home.
• I am on duty tomorrow, I will be released at five.
• He is in prison, he will be released next year.
• The teacher released the students when the bell rang.
• Your news about the examination not being tomorrow gave me a release.
• He has been released from prison.
• His firm released him for two days a week to go on a training course.
• 1000 balloons were released at the ceremony.
• Crying is a good way to release pent-up emotions.
• The identity of the victim has not been released.
• Their new single is due to be released next week.
• The release of the hostages took place this morning.
• I had a great feeling of release when my exams were finished. 

relevant  ile ilğili,

- having some connection with what is being discussed,

• Your remarks are interesting but not relevant to the present discussion.
• Much of what was said was not directly relevant to my case.
• Many people feel that poetry is no longer relevant in today’s world.
• I honestly can’t see the relevance of what he said. 

relish     çok hoşlanmak, büyük zevk almak, zevk ağız tadı, istek

- to enjoy greatly, pleasure,

• He relishes his food
• He ate the food with great relish.
• I have no relish for such a boring task.
• I don’t relish the prospect of getting up early tomorrow.
• She accepted the award with obvious relish. 

rely   (on)    güvenmek, itimat etmek, bel bağlamak,

- to depend on, to trust, dependable, to be certain that something will happen,

• I am relying on you to help me
• We can rely on Mary to keep a secret
• John should get here soon, but we can’t rely on it ( ama yinede bilemeyiz )
• She relied on her mother’s help, but she didn’t help her.
• You must only rely on yourself to do your work.
• He will help you if he promised you, he is a reliable person.
• The old lady had to rely on other people to do her shopping for her.
• Can I rely on you to keep a secret? 

remain  belli bir durumu sürdürmek, kalmak, artan kısım, bakiye, artıklar, harabe

- to continue staying in the same state, the things left, to be left, to stay not to leave, the amount or number that is left when the rest has gone, been done or taken away, what is left after part has been taken away, eaten, destroyed,

• Little remained of the house after the fire.
• I shall remain here.
• The problem remains unsolved ( sorun çözülmeden öyle duruyor )
• The remainder of the work will be done tomorrow.
• If you divide 10 by 3, what is the remainder?
• The remains of the picnic were lying all over the grass.
• None of the big cities remained the same, they all changed a lot.
• I gave the remains of the food to the cat to eat.
• In subtracting seven from ten, the remainder is three.
• Josef went to live in America but his family remained behind in Europe.
• They spent the two remaining days of their holidays buying presents to take home.
• Although he seems very pleasant, the fact remains that I don’t trust him.
• The builders found the remains of a Roman mosaic floor.
• Human remains were discovered in the wood. 

remark   söz, laf, beyan, çok, dikkate deger şekilde

- to make comment about, short statement, worthy of mentioning, unusual, something said, to say,

• The chairman made a few remarks, then introduced the speaker
• He remarked on the time (vakit hakkında yorumda bulundu)
• ‘It’s late,’ he remarked (vakit geç oldu dedi)
• He remarked that it was late.
• What a remarkable thing to happen.
• She’s a remarkable person.
• Their replies were remarkable similar ( onların cevapları dikkati çekecek ölçüde benzerdi).
• What do you remark about the meeting, was it successful or not?
• I have some remarks about the class, it is very dirty and noisy.
• There were some remarkable dresses at the fashion show.
• A lot of people have remarked on the similarity between them.
• That is a remarkable achievement for someone so young. 

remind      hatırlatmak, anımsatmak, hatırlatıcı şey

- to make remember, to tell someone that they ought to do, remember something,

• Remind me to post that letter
• She reminded me of my promise
• She reminds me of her sister
• This food reminds me of my schooldays
• Leave the bill on the table as a reminder that still have to pay it.
• You remind me of your mother, you look like her.
• This story reminds me of my childhood, my mother used to tell it to me when I was a child.
• Can you remind me of your address?
• He reminded the children to wash their hands.
• Remind me what we are supposed to be doing tomorrow.
• That smell reminds me of school.
• We received a reminder that we hadn’t paid the electricity bill. 

remote   uzak, ırak, ufak, hafif, soğuk, mesafeli

- far away in time or place, far from any other village, town, distantly related, very small or slight, unfriendly,

• A remote village in New South Wales.
• A farm house remote from the city
• A remote cousin
• A remote chance of success
• She seemed rather remote
• The model ship is guided by remote control.
• A remote island in the Pacific.
• I haven’t the remotest idea who could have done such a thing.
• The doors can be opened by remote control.  

remove   kaldırmak, çıkarmak, taşımak, taşınmak

- to move from a place or position, to put off, to take away, to take off a piece of clothing,

• Will someone please remove all this rubbish
• I can’t remove this stain from my shirt
• Please remove your hat
• He has removed to London.
• Mother removed some chairs from the room to make it look larger.
• I can’t remove that spot from my shirt.
• This washing powder will remove most stains.
• I would like you to remove my name from your mailing list.
• He had an operation to remove the tumor.
• Hospitals today are far removed from what they were fifty years ago. 

replace  yerine geçmek, değiştirmek, yerini almak,

- to put something or someone in place of other, to take someone’s place, to put something back where it was,

• I must replace that broken lock
• He replaced the cup he broke with a new one
• She has replaced him as manager
• Please replace the books on the shelves
• I broke your cup – here’s a replacement.
• John replaced Jack at the football game when Jack fell down and hurt his knee.
• Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
• We will replace any goods that are damaged.
• Please replace the books on the shelves when you have finished with them. 

represent  simgelemek; temsil etmek, tipik, örnek, mümessil,

- speak or act on behalf of others, to stand for something, to be a good example of; to show, typical, a person who represent a person or group of people,

• You have been chosen to represent us at the conference
• This black dot on the map represents the fort
• What he said represents the feelings of many people
• We need opinions from a representative group of people
• Our representative will call on you this afternoon
• A member of Parliament is the representative of the people who elect him.
• You will need a lawyer to represent you in court.
• It is an honor for an athlete to represent his or her country.
• These results represent a major breakthrough in our understanding of cancer.
• The yellow lines on the map represent minor roads.
• The article complains about the representation of women in advertising.
• Tonight’s audience is not representative of national opinion.  

reproduce  yeniden üretmek, taklit etmek, çogalmak, yavrulamak, kopya, üreme

- to bring forth, to produce young ones, to make a copy, to produce again, the process of reproducing,

• To reproduce documents
• Jim could reproduce the teacher’s voice exactly
• How do fish reproduce?
• These paintings are all reproductions
• The reproductive organs of a rabbit ( tavşanın üreme organları)
• This machine reproduces energy.
• Plants reproduce by making seeds and mammals reproduce by giving birth. Birds reproduce by laying eggs.
• It is very hard to reproduce a natural environment in the laboratory.
• Digital recording gives excellent sound reproduction. 

request    rica, talep, istek, rica edildiği için, istenildiğin zaman

- to ask for, something asked for, asking, a polite demand, something asked for, when requested,

• I did that at his request
• The next record I will play is a request
• People using this library are requested not to talk
• I’m singing this next song by request
• Buses stop here only on request.
• I requested a seat in front because my eyes are weak.
• His request was to have a week’s vacation and was accepted by the boss.
• He has a nice voice but he only sign by request.
• I am going to make a request for a larger desk.
• Single rooms are available on request.
• Passengers are requested not to smoke on this bus.
• To request a loan from the bank. 

require     gerekmek, zorunda bırakmak, gereksinim,

- to be in need, to order, something that is needed, asked for,

• Is there anything you require?
• You are required by law to send your children to school.
• Our firm will be able to supply all your requirements.
• We require ten more chairs for the party because some more people are coming. Ten more seats are required.
• Law requires us not to drive when we are drunk.
• It is a requirement to be patient in teaching.
• He got all the requirements ready to apply for a driving license.
• Passengers are required by law to wear seat belts.   

research     inceleme, araştırma

- a careful examination or searching to find the best or the truth,

• He is working on cancer research
• A research student
• What subject are you researching?
• Scientists do a lot of researches in the laboratory to find new facts.
• We are carrying out market research to find out who our typical customer is.
• They are researching ways of reducing traffic in the city centre.  

resemble  benzemek, andırmak

- to look like,

• He doesn’t resemble either of his parents.
• A big orange resembles a grapefruit.
• This doesn’t resemble your usual work, you can always do better than this.
• Laura resembles her brother.
• The boys bear no resemblance to their father. 

resent    içerlemek, kırılmak, kızmış

- to feel angry at something, to feel annoyed about something because you think it is unfair, insulting,

• I resent his interference in my affairs
• She feels resentful that her sister married before she did.
• I resent to be treated like a baby.
• I am old enough to be a grown up person.
• Louise bitterly resented being treated differently from the men. 

reserve   rezervasyon, tahsis etmek, ihtiyat, stok, koruma bölgesi, utangaçlık, hislerine gizleyen

- to keep for, to keep for a later use, not open out, to ask for something to be kept for the use of a particular person, a piece of land used for a special purpose, not showing what you are feeling, thinking,

• The restaurant is usually busy, so I’ll phone up today and reserve a table
• These seats are reserved for the committee members
• The farmer kept a reserve of food in case he was cut off by floods
• A wild-life reserve
• A nature reserve
• A reserved manner.
• I reserve some of my evening to help my daughter with her lessons.
• She reserved two seats for us at the theatre for next week.
• She is so reserved that she can’t make friends easily.
• This table is reserved, you can’t sit there.
• The car park is reserved for hotel guests only.
• He works as a warden on a game reserve in Kenya.
• It took a long time to break down her reserve and get her to relax.
• Keep some money in reserve for emergencies. 

resist      karşı koymak, mukavemet etmek, direnci olmak,

- to stand against, to fight against, to be able to stop yourself doing, taking something, to be unaffected or undamaged by something, fighting against something,

• It’s hard to resist temptation
• I couldn’t resist laughing at his dirty face
• A metal that resist acids
• The rebel army met with strong resistance from government troops
• Resistance to temptation
• Resistance to disease
• This breed  of cattle is resistant to disease
• I couldn’t resist her force and accepted the invitation.
• I can’t resist the baby’s crying.
• How can you resist this hot weather, it makes me feel sick.
• She is so weak that she has little resistance to germs.
• These walls didn’t have enough resistance to the heavy roof so the roof fell down.
• The government is resisting pressure to change the law.
• I couldn’t resist telling Nadia what we’d bought for her.
• The government troops overcome the resistance of the rebel army. 

resolve    karar vermek, azmetmek, önergeyi Kabul etmek, çözmek, halletmek, azim, kati karar

- to decide firmly, to explain clearly, to pass a resolution, to get rid of a problem, determination to do what you have decided to do, a firm decision,

• I’ve resolved to work harder
• They resolved to ban smoking
• To resolve a difficulty
• He showed great resolve
• It is his firm resolve to become a doctor
• I am resolved to go and nothing will stop me.
• We resolved to have a picnic on Sunday and nothing can change this decision.
• His letter resolved his feelings towards us, now we know that he like us.
• Most of the difficulties have been resolved.
• He resolved never to repeat the experience. 

resort    başvurmak; başka çare kalmayınca kullanmak, tatil yeri sayfiye, başka care kalmassa

- to go for help, to use something as a way of solving a problem, a place visited by many people, especially for holidays, only because all others ways have failed,

• He resorted to threats (tehditlere başvurdu) when they refused to give him money
• Brighton is a popular resort
• We could ask our parents to lend us the money as a last resort.
• Parents mustn’t resort to spanking for punishment.
• After not sleeping for three nights I finally resorted to sleeping pills. 

resource    kaynak imkan, zenginlikler, beceriklilik, marifetli

- anything that will meet a need or put one out of trouble, something that gives help, support when needed, a wealth of a country, or the supply of materials which bring this wealth, the ability to find ways of solving difficulties, 

• We have used up all our resources
• We haven’t the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children
• This country is rich in natural resources
• He is full of resource.
• This book is a good resource for my studies, I can find everything I need in it.
• He doesn’t have a resource of money to start a new business.
• Crying is a good resource for a child to keep away hard punishments.
• Russia is rich in natural resources such as oil and minerals. 

respond    uygun tepki göstermek; karşılık vermek, cevap

- to give an answer, to show reaction to, a reply either in words or actions, to answer,

• He didn’t respond to my question
• His illness did not respond to treatment by drugs.
• She responded to every question.
• My sister responded to the treatment of the medicine and got well.
• Her response to my question was right.
• She cried in response of the punishment.
• He responded to my question with a nod.
• Owen responded to the manager’s criticism by scoring two goals.
• The patient did not respond well to the new treatment.
• Our letters have met with no response. 

responsiblity    sorumluluk, mesuliyet, sorumlu, güvenilir, emin

- the feeling or act of being in charge of something, duty, being related to obligation or duty, trustful, having important duties, being the cause of something, in a sensible way,

• He takes his responsibilities very seriously
• A position of responsibility
• The police have no doubt about his responsibility for the accident
• We will make one person responsible for buying the food
• The job of manager is a very responsible post
• Who is responsible for the stain on the carpet?
• We need a responsible person for this job
• Do try to behave responsibly
• It is my responsibility at home to set and clean the table.
• He has no time for his own pleasure, he is under heavy responsibilities.
• No one is responsible of your failure, you didn’t study and deserved it.
• He is a responsible boy, he knows his duties well.
• I refuse to take responsibility if anything goes wrong.
• I feel that I have a responsibility to help them – after all, they did help me.
• Who has responsibility for the new students?
• No group has yet admitted responsibility for planting the bomb.
• The school is responsible for the safety of the children in school hours.
• The manager is responsible for making sure the shop is run properly.
• Who was responsible for the accident?
• Member of Parliament is responsible to the electors.
• Marisa is responsible enough to take her little sister to school.
• By being responsive to changes in the market, the company has had great success. 

restore    retore etmek, onarmak, eski durumuna kavuşmak; iyileştirmek

- to put back in its former or in a better  condition, to give back, to repair something so that it looks as it used to, to bring back to a normal or healthy state,

• The patient was soon restored to health
• To restore law and order (asayişi temin etmek)
• The police restored the stolen cars to their owners.
• They bought an old house and restored it to look in a good condition.
• Jill restored the book she has borrowed from me.
• She restores old furniture as a hobby.
• In the recent elections, the former president was restored to power. 

result    sonuç, netice, sonucu olmak, sonuçlamak

- something that happens at the end, the end, the answer, to come to a conclusion, the final score, to be caused by something, to have as a result,

• His deafness is the result of a car accident
• He went deaf as a result of an accident (bir kaza sonucu sağır oldu)
• He tried a new method, with excellent results
• Add all these figures and tell me the result
• What was the result of Saturday’s match?
• He had very good exam result
• The results will be published next week
• We will pay any damage that results from our experiments
• The match resulted in a draw ( maç berabere bitti)
• The result of her hard working was her success.
• What is the result of your looking for a job, could you find one?
• If we add three and five, the result is eight.
• His fast driving resulted with an accident.
• The traffic was very heavy and as a result I arrived late.
• This wasn’t really the result that I was expecting.
• He has tried very hard to find a job, until now without result.
• The treatment is beginning to show results.
• Do you know today’s football results?
• The results of this week’s competition will be published next week.
• The result of the by-election was a win for the Liberal Democrats.
• Ninety percent of the deaths resulted from injuries to the head.
• There has been an accident on the motorway, resulting in long delays. 

retain    hatırlamak, akılda tutmak, muhafaza etmek

- to keep, to remember,

• He finds it difficult to retain information
• These plates don’t retain heat very well.
• This teapot retains heat, it doesn’t get cool for a time after removed from fire.
• I retain her name but I forgot her surname.
• Despite all her problems, she has managed to retain a sense of humor.

revenue    vergi geliri

- the money received by the government,

• Most of the government’s revenue comes from income tax.
• Revenue from income tax rose last year. 

rewarding      ödül, mülakat, doyurucu tatminkar

- something given to a person in return for something done, a sum of money offered for finding a criminal, or lost property, to give a reward to someone for something, giving satisfaction,

• They gave him a plant as a reward for his kindness
• A reward of 100 pound has been offered to the person who finds the diamond brooch
• He was rewarded for his services
• His services were rewarded
• I’m looking for a more rewarding job.
• She received a reward for breaking the world record in swimming.
• Her good grades are a reward for her hard studying.
• The teacher rewarded him by a book for his good work.
• Winning the match was just reward for all the effort.
• Police are offering a reward for information leading to a conviction.
• Eventually her efforts were rewarded and she got a job. 

rise  yükselmek; artmak, ayağa kalkmak, doğmak yükselmek, terfi, şiddetlemek, dirilmek,ücret artışı, neden olmak,

- to get up on stand up from a lying or sitting position, to go up in the sky, to get larger in amount or quantity, to start, to appear above the horizon, to rebel, to start to blow hard, to be built, to come back to life, an increase in salary or wages, a slope or hill, to cause,

• Food prices are still rising
• His temperature rose
• If the river rises much more, there will be a flood
• Bread rises when it is baked
• Smoke was rising from the chimney
• The birds rose into the air
• He rises every morning at six o’clock
• The children all rose when the headmaster came in
• The sun rises in the east and sets in the west
• The hills rose in front of us
• The people rose in revolt against the dictator
• He rose to the rank of colonel
• The river Rhone rises in the Alps
• Don’t go out in the boat – the wind has risen
• Office blocks are rising all over the town
• A rise in prices
• He had a rapid rise to power, the rise of Mao Tse-tung
• She asked her boss for a rise
• The house is just beyond the next rise
• The rising of the sun
• The rising sun (doğan güneş)
• Rising prices (artan fiyatlar)
• This plan has given rise to various problems.
• She rose up quickly from the bed.
• You must rise up to answer your teacher in the class.
• The sun rises in the morning in the east and sets in the west.
• A quarrel rose between the boys and I had to stop them.
• There is a rise of land between two villages.
• The rise of the voices made the room very noisy.
• Shouts of protest rose from the crowd. 

rob    soymak, çalmak, soygun

- to steal, to take away something belonging to others, to steal from a person, place,

• He robbed a bank
• I’ve been robbed!
• The bank robbers got away with nearly 50 000 $
• Robbery is a serious crime
• He was charged with four robberies.
• The thieves robbed a bank and ran away.
• There was a big robbery at the bank yesterday. The thieves ran away with a lot of money.
• His illness robbed him of the chance to play for his country. 

rosy    gül pembe, umut verici

- rose-colored pink,

• Rosy cheeks
• His future looks rosy.
• The future was looking rosy. 

rough   kaba, pürüzlü, hoyrat, taslak, kabalaşmak, konforsuz yaşamak,yaklaşık; aşagi yukarı

- not smooth, level or even, having the habit of hurting others, not completed, not smooth, not even, harsh, not gentle, noisy and violent, stormy, not exact, not careful,

• Her skin felt rough
• A rough path
• A rough voice
• The sea was rough
• Rough weather
• A rough drawing
• The wind roughened the sea
• You can stay at my house if you don’t mind roughing it.
• The board is so rough that it is hard to write on.
• The carpenter smoothed the rough surface of the table.
• He is very rough towards his children, he hurts them in every case.
• This is a rough plan of the trip, we will think about the details later.
• You can hold the baby, but don’t be rough with him.
• The sea was rough and half the people on the boat were seasick.
• Can you give me a rough idea of what time you will be arriving?
• You look a bit rough – are you feeling all right?
• One of the boys was told off for playing rough.
• You have to rough it a bit when you go camping. 

rumour söylenti; dedikodu etmek; şayia

- a statement or story which may be true or not, news passed from person to person, that may not be true,

• I heard a rumor that you had got a new job
• Don’t listen to rumor – find out the truth
• It’s rumored that he’s leaving his job.
• According to the rumors, our teacher is going to retire next year but I don’t know it for sure.
• I didn’t start the rumor about Barry’s operation.